The Role of Frost Processes in the Retreat of River Banks

The rate of bank retreat was measured using erosion pins on the alluvial banks rivers in Podhale region (the boundary zone between Central and Outer Carpathians) during hydrological year 2013/2014. During winter half-year (November–April), mainly caused by processes related to freezing thawing ground (swelling, creep, downfall). summer (May–October), fluvial mass movements such as lateral erosion, washing out, sliding predominated. share total annual amount (71 cm average) 4 times greater than that frost phenomena. Erosion surfaces phenomena cold greatest (up 38 cm) upper parts composed fine-grained alluvium, while (exceeding 80 mostly affected lower banks, gravel. precise calculation relative role balance precluded at some stations loss flood.